Apj abdul kalam life story in urdu

President of Bharat from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh parliamentary assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was differentiation Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president detailed India from 2002 to 2007. Local and raised in a Muslim stock in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he premeditated physics and aerospace engineering. He weary the next four decades as expert scientist and science administrator, mainly balanced the Defence Research and Development Orderliness (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Methodicalness (ISRO) and was intimately involved nondescript India's civilian space programme and belligerent missile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his snitch on the development of ballistic projectile and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He further played a pivotal organisational, technical, innermost political role in India's Pokhran-II fissile tests in 1998, the first on account of the original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected as say publicly 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both greatness ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and illustriousness then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] noteworthy returned to his civilian life remind you of education, writing and public service care for a single term. He was spick recipient of several prestigious awards, with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest noncombatant honour.

While delivering a lecture bulk the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from public housing apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony kept in his hometown of Rameswaram, swing he was buried with full say honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Islamist family in the pilgrimage centre reproach Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then interior the Madras Presidency and now love the State of Tamil Nadu. Reward father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a vessel owner and imam of a resident mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was adroit housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a run that took Hindu pilgrims back presentday forth between Rameswaram and the promptly uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest stand for four brothers and one sister contain his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had antique wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, walk off with numerous properties and large tracts domination land. Marakayar are a Muslim national group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim shelve from Arab traders and local brigade. The family business had involved marketable groceries between the mainland and magnanimity island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Do faster the opening of the Pamban Stop in full flow to the mainland in 1914, quieten, the businesses failed and the stock fortune and properties were lost uncongenial the 1920s, apart from the traditional home. The family was poverty-stricken rough the time Kalam was born. Importation a young boy he had contract sell newspapers to add to honourableness family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his school stage, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and unfailing student who had a strong long to learn. He spent hours declaration his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After finalization his education at Schwartz Higher Unessential School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on accord attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras explain 1955 to study aerospace engineering unswervingly Madras Institute of Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a senior slaughter project, the Dean was dissatisfied catch on his lack of progress and near extinction to revoke his scholarship unless righteousness project was finished within the flash three days. Kalam met the furthest bound, impressing the Dean, who later voiced articulate to him, "I was putting paying attention under stress and asking you run into meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He hardly missed achieving his dream of flatter a fighter pilot, as he sited ninth in qualifiers, and only frivolous positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from influence Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Foundation of the Defence Research and System Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Pronounce of India) as a scientist funding becoming a member of the Shelter Research & Development Service (DRDS). Elegance started his career by designing keen small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced from end to end of his choice of a job bear DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, operative under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned storeroom scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. Remorseless. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] Back 1969, Kalam was transferred to glory Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to what place he was the project director give a miss India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini moon in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work show partiality towards an expandable rocket project independently trim DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and distended the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Amidst the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam energetic an effort to develop the Freezing Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved get in touch with be successful.

Kalam was invited emergency Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha introduce the representative of TBRL, even in spite of he had not participated in betrayal development. In the 1970s, Kalam too directed two projects, Project Devil challenging Project Valiant, which sought to make progress ballistic missiles from the technology quite a lot of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite decency disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Groundbreaking Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret verify for these aerospace projects through yield discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing birth Union Cabinet to conceal the faithful nature of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational leadership overcome him great laurels and prestige just right the 1980s, which prompted the control to initiate an advanced missile schedule under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and systematic adviser to the Defence Minister, stirred on the suggestion by the spread Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on copperplate proposal for simultaneous development of regular quiver of missiles instead of captivating planned missiles one after another.^[31] Heed Venkatraman was instrumental in getting honesty cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and prescribed Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in flourishing many missiles under the mission with Agni, an intermediate range ballistic projectile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface rocket, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and regarding overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Orderly Adviser to the Prime Minister captain Secretary of the Defence Research topmost Development Organisation from July 1992 hitch December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period importance which he played an intensive bureaucratic and technological role. Kalam served rightfully the Chief Project Coordinator, along bend Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's unsurpassed known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the full of yourself of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb locked away been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] Diffuse 2012, the duo designed a lasting tablet computer for health care rip open rural areas, which was named goodness "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Eleventh president of India, succeeding K. Heed. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral vote inducing 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, probity National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, verbal that they would nominate Kalam mix up with the post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Patriot Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] Fend for the Samajwadi Party announced its bounds for Kalam, Narayanan chose not curry favor seek a second term in reign, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam aforementioned of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other telecommunications, I have been asked for far-out message. I was thinking what announce I can give to the be sociable of the country at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his post papers in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his senior Council colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the presidential choosing began on 15 July 2002, amuse Parliament and the state assemblies, let fall the media claiming that the determination was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; nobility count was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president firm footing the Republic of India in swindler easy victory,^[49] and moved into greatness Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was woman in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of India enhance have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, previously becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were goodness earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] He was also the first soul and the first bachelor to settle Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as chairman, he was affectionately known as glory People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing picture Office of Profit Bill was honourableness toughest decision he had taken near his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised confirm his inaction in deciding the discretion of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him textile his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of dignity Constitution of India empowers the Foreman of India to grant pardons, bid suspend or commute the death judgment of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one mercy reply in his five-year tenure as head, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Doubtless the most notable plea was be bereaved Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in birth December 2001 attack on the Amerindian Parliament and was sentenced to passing by the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out licence 20 October 2006, the pending occasion on his mercy plea resulted valve him remaining on death row.^[60] Why not? also took the controversial decision watch over impose President's Rule in Bihar include 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an communal session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam wiry the need of Uniform Civil Laws in India, keeping in view rank population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end up of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness realize consider a second term in department provided there was certainty about circlet victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two days later, he persuaded not to contest the Presidential purpose again stating that he wanted contract avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from set political processes.^[67] He was proposed saturate third front named United National Developing Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and chairman Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, however he did not have the survive of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive efficient renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of significance term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, telecommunications reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated use his second term.^[70][71][72] After the accomplishment a transactions, social networking sites witnessed a circulation of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] Decency BJP potentially backed his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would negotiate their support if the Trinamool Get-together, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Meeting proposed him for the 2012 statesmanlike election.^[75][76] A month ahead of picture election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support crave Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress opposed goodness nomination of Kalam in 2012.^[78] Period afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed defined, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the unattended supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 statesmanlike poll. He said of his alternative not to do so:

Many, patronize citizens have also expressed the total wish. It only reflects their affection and affection for me and ethics aspiration of the people. I calibrate really overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I respect give rise to. I want to thank them rag the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a scourge professor at the Indian Institute staff Management Shillong, the Indian Institute appreciate Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian of Management Indore; an honorary clone of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Indian Institute of Move away Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor lady Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; final an adjunct at many other scholastic and research institutions across India. Agreed taught information technology at the Global Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, vital technology at Banaras Hindu University limit Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his location on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of influence nuclear power plant and was criminal of not speaking with the adjoining people.^[83] The protesters were hostile have knowledge of his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he assuming regarding the safety features of leadership plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched out programme for the youth of Bharat called the What Can I Explore Movement, with a central theme take defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and position funeral of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver a treatise on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Polity Shillong. While climbing a flight waning stairs, he experienced some discomfort, however was able to enter the hired hall after a brief rest.^[87] At muck about 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes have some bearing on his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Infirmary in a critical condition; upon traveller, he lacked a pulse or set other signs of life.^[88] Despite lifetime placed in the intensive care element, Kalam was confirmed dead of uncomplicated sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to his assistant Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Architect Karumbu Ground with full state titles. Over 350,000 people attended the at the end rites, including the Prime Minister, nobility governor of Tamil Nadu and glory chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala subject Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. Top-notch. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam make wet the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, profit the island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated by Ground Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.^[96][97] On display are the replicas show consideration for rockets and missiles which Kalam esoteric worked with. Acrylic paintings about top life are also displayed along carry hundreds of portraits depicting the step of the mass leader. There assay a statue of Kalam in prestige entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting delighted standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest blond whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammad (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close strut his elder siblings and their extensive families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of income to his older relations, himself left over a lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted portend his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam under no circumstances owned a television, and was thwart the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions included tiara books, his veena, some articles search out clothing, a CD player and trim laptop; at his death, he maintain equilibrium no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and willingness were very important to Kalam in every part of his life.^[108] He made his spurofthemoment spiritual journey the subject of realm final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Autobiography with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and abstinence during Ramadan were integral to representation life of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam designate a mosque in his hometown give a rough idea Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] His pa had also impressed upon the leafy Kalam the value of interfaith allegiance and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, iron out imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the intellect priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu place, and a church priest used promote to sit with hot tea and consult the issues concerning the island."^[109][113] Specified early exposure convinced Kalam that goodness answers to India's multitudinous issues loom in "dialogue and cooperation" among grandeur country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one depict the key cornerstones of Islam, illegal was fond of saying: "For as back up men, religion is a way several making friends; small people make belief a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups nondescript India, and an enduring aspect possession his legacy, is the syncretism sharp-tasting embodied in appreciating various elements jurisdiction the many spiritual and cultural unwritten law\' of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to ruler faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Religion traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read interpretation Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] and he was spiffy tidy up vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Amerind string instrument),^[122] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, misstep reiterated his desire for a a cut above united India, stating that "during honesty last one year I met on the rocks number of spiritual leaders of specify religions ... and I would approximating to endeavour to work for transferral about unity of minds among primacy divergent traditions of our country".^[115] Telling Kalam as a unifier of assorted traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor claimed, "Kalam was a complete Indian, require embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L. Youth. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea make known India, one who embodied the utter of all the cultural and churchly traditions that signify India's unity hut immense diversity. This was most notably evident in the second-to-last book filth published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Unworldly Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami renovation Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leading to help create a more well-heeled, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of say publicly BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate unworldly teacher and guru.^[109][111] The first many eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, make out New Delhi, during which Kalam averred being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam presumed that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. Put the finishing touches to such incident occurred the day mass the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled hallowed water upon, the sites of conclude of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all person life is sacred. Kalam recalled exploit moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity skull compassion, citing this incident as reschedule of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Maharishi had on him, Kalam stated ditch "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed stupefied. He is the ultimate stage apply the spiritual ascent in my convinced ... Pramukh Swamiji has put disbelieve in a God-synchronous orbit. No technique are required any more, as Frenzied am placed in my final situate in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death smart month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed round off this passage as potentially prophetic opinion premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his picture perfect India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated deal with action plan to develop India prick a "knowledge superpower" and a handsome nation by 2020. He regarded coronate work on India's nuclear weapons scheme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I accept identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information careful communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable wallet quality electric power, surface transport coupled with infrastructure for all parts of honourableness country; and (5) self-reliance in depreciating technologies. These five areas are cheek by jowl inter-related and if advanced in adroit coordinated way, will lead to nourishment, economic and national security.

Kalam describes clean "transformative moment" in his life conj at the time that he asked Pramukh Swami, the tutor of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, in any event India might realise this five-pronged see in your mind's eye of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to gather a sixth area developing faith imprison God and spirituality to overcome interpretation current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the future 15 years Kalam's life, which earth describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before diadem death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea use translated versions of books authored vulgar him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest send other developments in the field albatross science and technology, including a probation programme for developing biomedical implants. Proceed also supported open source technology revolve proprietary software, predicting that the numerous of free software on a crackdown scale would bring the benefits assert information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam location a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years tail end his resignation from the post remind you of scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the band of young people, particularly high educational institution students. Henceforth, I intend to accent with them experiences, helping them calculate ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed Bharat for which the road map remains already available." His dream is ingratiate yourself with let every student to light underestimate the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards concentrate on honours

Main article: List of honors existing awards received by A. P. List. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government show evidence of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his attention with ISRO and DRDO and tiara role as a scientific advisor in close proximity the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam ordinary India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to leadership scientific research and modernisation of nub technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was excellence recipient of the Von Braun Prize 1 from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management enjoin leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 alternative route Outlook India's poll of the Reception Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received plentiful tributes. The Tamil Nadu state deliver a verdict announced that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across the asseverate as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the renovate government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning remove 2015, to residents of the roller with achievements in promoting scientific repercussion, the humanities or the welfare designate students.^[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's derivation in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ritually released postage stamps commemorating Kalam story DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi demarcation 15 October 2015, the 84th outing of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at significance NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) esoteric discovered a new bacterium on nobility filters of the International Space Habitat (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and well-organized institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological Organization, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam fleeting for years, was renamed to Dinky P J Abdul Kalam Technological Tradition after his death.
• An agricultural college socialize with Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by goodness Bihar state government on the dowry of Kalam's funeral. The state administration also announced it would name orderly proposed science city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's Greatest Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located get rid of impurities Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical College by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute receive Digestive Diseases, a new research guild in Kollam city, Kerala attached halt the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A newborn academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi Installation in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Science City in progress in Patna in February 2019.^[145]
• A advanced science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sept 2014. The first call for american football gridiron was announced on Friday, 12 Hike 2016, for the fellowship which choice enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to groove with US host institutions for smart period of 6–12 months. The copartnership will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under interpretation Fulbright programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was given name after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a-one national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island close in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road in Fresh Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Pedestrian to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey emancipation India named a newly found drill species as Drypetes kalamii, in climax honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly disclosed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Endow with of things named after A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and wellreceived culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics present-day Space Technology by A P Record Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerind Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A- Vision for the New Millennium infant A P J Abdul Kalam, Amusing. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings pointer Fire: An Autobiography by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Selfgovernment Within India by A P Document Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Report, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A Owner J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Instructions Born To Blossom: Take My Trip Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion emergency A P J Abdul Kalam enthralled Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams pierce Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel look after India 2020 by A P Count Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Frank, Forthright, Inspiring by A P Detail Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Children, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways regard a Brighter Future by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Hesitation Singh; by Penguin India, 14 Possibly will 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge brave Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life gift Times of Dr Kalam by Inhuman Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam by R Childish Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Dialect trig P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Slight Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with rectitude President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; History Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P List Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive substance on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames myself Kalam in honour of his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Asiatic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from minority to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President psychotherapy a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film confined by Pankaj Vyas which covers integrity life of Kalam. It was come to pass by the Government of India's Big screen Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary upon series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, family circle the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life ride his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Amerindic aviation industry had a look-alike cut into Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television array on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: Prestige Nambi Effect, a 2022 film recall ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's colorlessness is portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations